The term worm farming can be very confusing to many people, as they are not aware who does it, and what is the use of bunch of worms. When worms are fed the organic material similar to that used in compost pile, the material they produce is very useful. The final product is worm excrement, which is a great fertilizer, and is called castings. Using the worms to create casting is called vermicomposting, and the final produce is called vermicast or vermicompost.
To ensure the high quality casting from the farm, it is essential to begin with the right kind of worms. There are few worms that easily adapt to life in the container and process the organic waste. But if you choose the wrong type of worms, they burrow down without processing much food into casting. To start the worm farming, you will have to buy the appropriate worms from a reputable and experienced vermicomposting supplier.
Once you get enough experience, you can identify the local worms, and make sure that they are right candidates for populating the farm. The worm farm can be built in several ways, and one easy way is to directly situate it on the ground. You can also dig the trench, and then put all the material inside. Using the container or bin, and stacking one on the top of the other is also an option.
To begin the worm farming in the container, you will have to put some sheets of cardboard or shredded newspaper inside, and this layer acts as the bedding. Then add a layer of soil, add water to moisten it, put the organic waste as food, and finally add the worms. Cover it with something like newspaper or burlap so that the moisture is retained and light does not enter. You will have to keep adding the food every few weeks so that the worms can multiply.
In the container, do not as oils, milk products or animal waste as these items attract pests and also cause foul smell. When the box is almost half full, you can harvest the castings, and there are several ways to do this. Push everything to one side, and bring out the food that has not been decomposed. Then add bedding, soil and food on the side which is empty, wait for few weeks so that the worms can move over to the new side leaving the good vermicompost behind that can be used in the garden.